Iranian Lullabies
Book incl. 4 CD's
By Sima Bina
Translated by Homa Bina
Preface
FOR PHONE-ORDERING: 0049221-9433765
In more than thirty years of research during which I have been collecting Persian folksongs, I have often come across a variety of ethnic tunes of lullabies. I even arranged and recorded some of the more elaborated ones along with my folksongs.
I soon realized that these plain rhythmic lyrics of mothers’ songs were themselves a unique and invaluable cultural treasure that if not preserved, would be lost to future children.
What I came to appreciate most was the abundance and variety of Persian lullabies. Therefore, I vigorously started to devote a portion of my research time to recording and restoring the
lullabies across the vast plateau of Iran. In my initial steps I found that this treasure would have to be dug out from under layers and layers of time and that I often would have to sit
in the presence of old grandmothers, hoping they would recollect these almost forgotten tunes.
The arrangement and recording of this collection could not have been possible without both musical and technical support of Mr. Arash Mitouie, who helped me every step of the way.
Being my son, Arash’s partnership in this project has given a true meaning to my singing of the lullabies.
I owe a special debt to my sister, Homa Bina, who has helped me to explore English sources, including the Internet, and has enthusiastically translated the main text and the lyrics into English.
She has allowed me to benefit from her expertise in different fields from the beginning to the end.
While I express my sincere gratitude to these people who as a team were closely involved in the execution of this project, I would also like to thank all those mothers and grandmothers
who helped me in this endeavor and the friends who helped me with the correct pronunciation of native dialects. With the shortage of references, Mr. Hushang Javid’s book of Exhilarating Melodic Sounds
proved to be invaluable and I am most grateful for it. I hope with the publication of this collection many more hidden lullabies will come to be added to this treasure.
This collection includes forty (40) Iranian lullabies from many parts of Iran, representing different regional dialects and native languages. With the help of friends and my original
recording of many of these lullabies on the site, I have tried my best to sing them as close to the regional dialect or language as possible. However, any mispronunciations I hope will be
forgiven and kindly brought to my attention for future performance and distributions. The music is arranged to please today's listener while preserving the distinctive style of each region as well as traditional musical instruments.
I would like to dedicate this collection of lullabies to the memory of all those mothers, including my own mother Pooran-dokht Iran-nejard, who since the beginning of human history
safeguarded these ancient tunes and lyrics, thus passing them down to the next generation.
Origins and Roots
“Throughout history it has been customary to sing a baby to sleep. Mothers of today know that singing peaceful songs not only helps relax children, but also has the advantage of establishing a
time of mother-child closeness which is of psychological and physical importance to both of them.”[1]
No exclusive study of the origins of songs known as ‘lullaby’ was found in any of the books published in Iran on music (original or translated). The more modern sources of information, such as the Internet,
has also given me no trace of history for this basic form of music, though there have been many attempts in the West to arrange and record classic lullabies in different cultures
(e.g. Tender Lullabies music CD, Fisher-Price).[2] Nonetheless, Finkelstein mentions ‘lullaby’ as one of the musical forms in the prehistoric time:
“In the life of the primary human societies, there were different kinds of songs and dances, each of which was used on a certain occasion – in hunting, battles, harvest, sailing, love making or
singing lullaby for children.”[3]
Many of these original musical models, ‘songs’, were later developed into a more complex artistic forms by having musical instruments added to them; some becoming entirely instrumental.
Their functional aspects were further expanded, while their original ritual aspects were eventually lost. As an example, mystical rites, including magic songs and dances, changed forms into religious hymns, or into its refined artistic form in the so called ‘classical music’ such as Bach’s fugues and different forms of church music. Love themes continue to live in symphonies, romantic and ‘pop’ songs. Songs and tunes used in battles and hunting began to lose their purpose over time.
It seems only the lullaby has maintained its original function, locality and simplicity. Due to its originality and effective function, the genre has drawn established Western composers
to itself throughout centuries. They have often given their lullabies the form-name berceuse, which in French means lullaby or cradle song.[4] The famous lullabies written by some of the
prominent Western composers include Brahms’ famous lullaby, Weigenlied (1833), Chopin’s berceuse for solo piano (opus 57), Ravel’s lullaby for violin and piano, Ferrocio Busoni’s the
Berceuse elegiaque, Stravinsky’s Berceus, Liszt’s and finally Mozart’s famous “Lullaby”.
Based on the above observations and the study of Persian lullabies themselves, we may draw the following characteristics for this form of song:
- Due to its ancient historical background and ethnic characteristic, a lullaby can be considered one of the oldest and most original forms of music in human society.
- Over the ages, because of the simple musical compositions and genuine sentiments expressed in the content of lullabies, mothers, regardless of their geographical or educational status, have been able to sing them for their own children and thus preserve them for future generations.
- Its functional aspect has also gone under almost no changes. As a result, its authenticity has been retained, which is rooted in the never changing relationship between a mother and child.
- Persian lullabies are basically an oral history. The lyrics often reflect the intimate emotions and concerns mothers share with their children in the privacy of their home. They can, indeed, reveal some factual information on women’s status in different Iranian rural areas in the past.
Contents
Foreword: Jahangir Shahdadi
Preface
Part One: Origins and Roots
Part Two: Music
Part Three: Lyrics and Tunes
Part Four: English Translation and Translator’s note
Part Four: The Lullabies
I. Central Provinces – North to South
1. Kerman
2. Qashqaie 1
3. Fars (Shiraz)
4. Tehran 1
5. Markazi (Arak)
6. Markazi (Khomain)
7. Yazd
8. Hamadan (Malayer)
9. Kerman (Sirjan)
10. Tehran 2
II. Eastern Provinces – North to South
1. South Khorasan (Torbat-e Jam) 1
2. South Khorasan (Birjan)
3. North Khorasan (Shirvan – Quchan)
4. Baluchestan
5. Razavi Khorasan (Kashmar – Nishabur)
6. South Khorasan (Khoosf)
7. Razavi Khorasan (Mashhad)
8. South Khorasan (Torbat-e Jam) 2
9. South Khorasan (Torbat-e Jam) 3
10. North Khorasan (Shirvan)
III. Western Provinces
1. Kurdistan (Sanandaj) 1 (Sanandaj) 1
2. Luristan
3. Elam
4. Bakhtiyari
5. Yasooj
6. Kermonshah
7. Kermonshah (West Gilan)
8. Kurdistan
9. Kurdistan (Sanandaj) 2
IV. Northern and Southern Provinces
1. Gilan 1
2. Gilan 2
3. Mazandaran
4. Golestan (Turkeman Sahra)
5. Mazandaran (Tonikabon)
6. Ardabil
7. Qashqaie 2
8. Fars (Fasa)
9. Khuzestan (Dezfool)
10. Bushehr
11. Fars (Sarvestan)
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